Elements | Sulphides | Halides | Oxides | Carbonates | Borates | Sulfates |   Phosphates | Silicates | Organic Compounds | Rocks & Meteorites    A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T |  U | V | W | X | Y | Z |   Rocks & Meteorites 岩石與隕石   Name Composition Hardness SG   Igneous Rocks 火成岩     2.6-3.8     Felsic 長英斑岩             Granite 花崗岩 Main composition is SiO2           Monzonite 二長岩 A coarse-grained pultonic igneous rock consisting of equal amounts of plagioclase and orthoclase feldspar, with ferromagnesian minerals             Larvikite/Laurvikite 歪鹼正長岩 contain significant components of all three end-member feldspars. 6.0–6.5 ~ 2.59     Obsidian 黑曜岩 SiO2           Pegmatite 偉晶岩 Different types of pegmatite contain different chemical composition           Rhyolite 流紋岩 Rhyolite is a type of volcanic magma, main composition is Quartz & Alkaline Feldspars           Syenite 正長岩 Consist of little Plagioclase Feldspars and very little Quartz         Intermediate Igneous Rocks 中性火成岩             Andesit Basic 基性安山岩               Basalt 玄武岩（火山岩，深色） Main composition is Sodium Silicoaluminate or Silicon Calciumn Aluminate, Silica (SiO2), may also contain high concentration of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) & Magnesium Oxide Mg(OH)2, is a type of small & packed black rock.             Gabbro 飛白岩/輝長岩 Main composition is Ferromagnesium minerals & Anorthite. 5-6 2.9-3.2       Diorite 閃長岩 Main composition is Andesine & Hornblende.         Utrabasic 超基性火成岩             Peridotite 橄欖岩 Contain Peridot & Magnesium Iron minerals       Sedimentary Rocks 沉積岩           Clastic 碎屑水成岩             Conglomerate 礫岩 Main composition is silicon, the cement mineral is Calciuim.           Quartzite 石英岩 Main composition is Quartz. 7 2.64-2.71       Sandstone 沙岩 Quartz、Feldspar、Clay   2.6 (大約)       Siltstone 沙泥岩/粉砂岩 From hardening clay materials to form small granular particles of sedimentary rocks.         Organic Sedimentary Rocks 有機沉積岩             Coal 煤 Main composition is Carbon、Hydrogen、Oxygen & little Nitroogen、Sulphur or other elements.           Limestone 石灰岩 Main composition is Calcium Carbonate（CaCO3).         Chemical Sedimentary Rocks 化學沉積岩             Evaporites 蒸發岩 Main composition is sodium chloride or calcium sulfate.           Travertine 石灰華 Main composition is calcium carbonate, is a kind of porous rock.       Metamorphic Rocks 變質岩           Regionally Metamorphosed Rocks 區域變質岩             Mica Schist 雲母片岩 Main composition is Mica minerals, like Muscovite、Phengite & Biotite. Quartz & Feldspar are also common. Secondary minerals are Chlorite, Calcite, Pyrite and Magnetite.           Gneiss 片麻岩 Main composition is Feldspar、Quartz & Mica.           Marble 大理石 Main composition is Calcium Carbonate（CaCO3).         Serpentinite 蛇紋岩 Component is layered structure containing Magnesium silicate mineral，Chemical composition as Mg6[Si4O10] (OH)8。         Contact Metamorphosed Rocks 接觸變質岩             Contact Chert 接觸燧石 Main composition is SiO2           Skarn 夕卡岩 Main composition is Wallastonite.       Meteorites 隕鐵 Main composition is Iron & Nickel.   3-7.3 Moldavite 捷克隕石 Main composition is SiO2 5.5 2.34–2.39 Tektites 黑隕石 Main composition is SiO2 5.5 2.34–2.51 Reference: The Complete Encyclopedia of Minerals | Gemstones of the World | 岩石與礦物圖鑑

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